Certified in Public Health (CPH) Practice Exam

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In a study of peptic ulcer, what is the conclusion regarding the risk between genders based on the rates provided?

Correct
Incorrect due to failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence
Incorrect because rates were used for comparison
Incorrect due to possible cohort effect failure

The correct answer is: Incorrect due to failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence

The conclusion regarding the risk between genders based on the rates provided is deemed incorrect due to a failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence. In epidemiological studies, incidence refers to the number of new cases of a condition that occur in a specific population during a certain time period, while prevalence refers to the total number of existing cases at a given time. Misinterpreting these measures can lead to misleading conclusions about risk factors and how they differ between groups, such as genders. If the study primarily presented prevalence rates without considering new incidence rates, it could lead to an erroneous understanding of the true risk associated with peptic ulcers for different genders. This lack of clarity might cause an overestimation or underestimation of the actual differences in risk when comparing males and females. Therefore, recognizing and accurately differentiating between incidence and prevalence is crucial for valid conclusions in public health research.