Certified in Public Health (CPH) Practice Exam

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In what part of sub-Saharan Africa is HIV prevalence the greatest?

West (Nigeria, Chad, Mali)
East (Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia)
Central (Congo, Malawi, Uganda)
South (South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia)

The correct answer is: South (South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia)

The southern region of sub-Saharan Africa is marked by the highest HIV prevalence rates, particularly in countries like South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Zambia. This area has faced substantial HIV/AIDS epidemics, driven by a combination of factors including socioeconomic conditions, healthcare access, and cultural aspects. In South Africa, for example, there is a high number of people living with HIV due to the country having one of the world's largest HIV-positive populations. The combination of high levels of infection, especially among certain demographics such as young women and men who have sex with men, significantly contributes to the elevated prevalence rates. Additionally, the region has implemented various public health interventions aimed at HIV prevention and treatment, but the impact of historical, political, and economic conditions continues to affect incidence and outcomes, making the challenge of tackling HIV still considerable. The other regions mentioned have their own public health issues relating to HIV, but they do not show the same alarming prevalence rates as those found in the southern part of sub-Saharan Africa.